中央空調通風管道概述
　　中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風管道、中(zhong)央中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風管道常用(yong)的材料有鍍鋅鐵皮(pi)、玻璃鋼(gang)(gang)、復合材料（中(zhong)間為保(bao)溫材料，如酚醛泡(pao)沫、聚氨酯(zhi)泡(pao)沫、玻璃纖(xian)維等(deng)，外表面(mian)附著(zhu)一層保(bao)護層，如鋁箔等(deng)）等(deng)幾種。由(you)于(yu)玻璃鋼(gang)(gang)中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風管道需要在(zai)工(gong)廠進行加(jia)工(gong)，且(qie)加(jia)工(gong)損耗大，存在(zai)老化現象，在(zai)家用(yong)中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)中(zhong)使用(yong)很少，因(yin)此本文只(zhi)對鍍鋅鐵皮(pi)和復合材料這(zhe)兩種中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風管道材料進行比較。

　　中央空調通風管道施工的方便性
　　鍍鋅鐵皮適合大尺寸加工，機械加工方便，但小尺寸時由于不方便采用機械設備，因此加工周期長，速度慢。另外，鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道施工時不好控制安裝精度；大小通等配件不易制作；安裝難度大，對施工人員的要求高。雖然，為改正這些缺點，鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道的施工進行了不少改進，如開發出小型加工設備，采用新的聯結方式等等。但是，這些新設備、新工藝僅僅只能對鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道施工困難的狀況進行一定的改善，而不能從根本上解決問題。
　　復合材料中央空調通風管道一般采用手工施工，不需要專門的加工設備，因此特別適合于家用中央空調這樣的小場地施工。采用復合材料現場制作大小通、彎頭等配件也非常方便，因此施工速度快，且對施工人員的要求也相對降低。另外，復合材料中央空調通風管道對安裝精度的要求也相對較低，這又可以提高中央空調通風管道的安裝速度。
　　據工程(cheng)測算，在進行家用中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管(guan)道(dao)施工時，一個熟練工人(ren)每小(xiao)時可(ke)制作安(an)裝10~15m2復(fu)合材料中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管(guan)道(dao)（以酚(fen)醛泡(pao)沫鋁箔中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管(guan)道(dao)為例），而同樣一個工人(ren)，卻只(zhi)能制作安(an)裝3~4m2鍍(du)鋅鐵皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管(guan)道(dao)。從(cong)這(zhe)里(li)可(ke)以看(kan)出，復(fu)合材料中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管(guan)道(dao)的施工方便性要遠遠好于鍍(du)鋅鐵皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管(guan)道(dao)。

　　中央空調節能效果
　　復合材料中央空調通風管道的導熱系數大大低于鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道的導熱系數，例如，酚醛鋁箔復合中央空調通風管道的導熱系數為0.016～0.036W/(m?K)左右，鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道（采用20mm橡塑保溫材料）的導熱系數卻高達0.035-0.043W/(m?K)，而且當鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道的保溫材料長期接觸空氣時，還會出現吸濕的現象，使得鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道的導熱系數大大增加。另外，復合材料中央空調通風管道特有的連接方式還保證了通風系統具有優良的氣密性，其漏氣率大約只有鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道漏氣率的1/8左右。因此，復合材料中央空調通風管道的節能效果遠遠好于鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道。
　　現場測試表(biao)明(ming)，在輸送同樣熱（冷）量時，鍍鋅鋼板中央空調(diao)通風(feng)管道的散熱損失(shi)大約(yue)為(wei)15％左右，而酚醛(quan)泡(pao)沫保溫材料中央空調(diao)通風(feng)管道的散熱損失(shi)低于2％。

　　中央空調通風管道防火性能
　　鍍鋅鐵皮為無機材料，防火性能好，為不燃A級，但其外部經常采用橡塑類保溫材料。由于橡塑類保溫材料的防火性能只有B1級，因此大大降低了鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道的防火等級。
　　復合材(cai)料(liao)中央空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)防火性(xing)能根據材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同而不(bu)同，例如(ru)，經改性(xing)處理的(de)(de)(de)酚醛泡沫鋁箔(bo)中央空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管道(dao)和(he)玻纖鋁箔(bo)中央空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)防火性(xing)能均達到了不(bu)燃A級。因此，從防火性(xing)能這個角度(du)來看，復合材(cai)料(liao)中央空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管道(dao)和(he)鍍鋅(xin)鐵皮(pi)中央空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)通風(feng)(feng)管道(dao)都(dou)能滿足(zu)家用中央空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)防火要求(qiu)。

　　中央空調通風管道強度
　　鍍鋅鐵皮中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管道的(de)(de)強度高，適合(he)(he)大場地、大空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)安(an)裝，因此在大空(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管道系統中(zhong)應(ying)用較多(duo)。復合(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管道雖然強度較低，但也能滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)家(jia)用中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。例如，根據《通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)與空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)工程(cheng)施(shi)工及驗(yan)收規(gui)范(fan)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)規(gui)定，當中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管道直(zhi)徑(jing)小于(yu)400mm時，間(jian)(jian)(jian)距要(yao)求不(bu)大于(yu)4m，而(er)當中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管道直(zhi)徑(jing)大于(yu)或等于(yu)400mm，間(jian)(jian)(jian)距要(yao)求不(bu)大于(yu)3m[4]。對于(yu)家(jia)用中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，保溫中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管道的(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常小于(yu)400mm，因此其間(jian)(jian)(jian)距只要(yao)不(bu)大于(yu)4m就可滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)要(yao)求，而(er)這(zhe)個(ge)條件在住宅(zhai)中(zhong)非常容(rong)易得到滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)。這(zhe)就是(shi)說，在一般情況下，復合(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管道完全可以滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)家(jia)用中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)強度要(yao)求，不(bu)需要(yao)進(jin)行加

　　中央空調通風管道對層高的影響
　　鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道的外部需要在現場包裹一層保溫層，而且在進行維修時還常常需要更換保溫層，因此除中央空調通風管道本身的高度外，還需要預留一定的安裝和維修空間。復合材料中央空調通風管道本身就具有保溫效果，同時一般都采用隱形法蘭連接工藝，因此可以緊貼房頂安裝，不需要再預留安裝空間。因此，從對層高影響這個角度來看，復合材料中央空調通風管道比鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道更適合用于家用中央空調。
　　工程實(shi)測表明，采用復合材料中央(yang)空調通(tong)風(feng)管道(dao)比采用鍍鋅鐵皮中央(yang)空調通(tong)風(feng)管道(dao)可節約層高(gao)5~10cm左(zuo)右。

　　中央空調通風管道使用壽命
　　鍍鋅鐵(tie)皮(pi)在(zai)(zai)潮濕(shi)環境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)容易(yi)生(sheng)銹，而鍍鋅鐵(tie)皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)另一(yi)種保(bao)溫材料玻璃纖維(wei)吸濕(shi)后容易(yi)變脆，因此鍍鋅鐵(tie)皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命大(da)約只有(you)5～10年左右。由于家用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)主(zhu)(zhu)機的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命一(yi)般為15～20年，因此家用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)如采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了鍍鋅鐵(tie)皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道，則(ze)在(zai)(zai)其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)更換(huan)一(yi)次中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道，這(zhe)就(jiu)給用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)帶來非常大(da)的(de)(de)麻煩。而據國外經驗，復合(he)材料中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道如酚醛(quan)鋁箔(bo)復合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命在(zai)(zai)20年左右，這(zhe)與家用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)主(zhu)(zhu)機的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命基本(ben)相同(tong)，因此在(zai)(zai)家用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)整個使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)不需要(yao)更換(huan)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道。從(cong)這(zhe)點看，復合(he)材料中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道遠遠強于鍍鋅鐵(tie)皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道。

　　中央空調通風管道消聲性能
　　鍍鋅鐵(tie)皮中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管(guan)道(dao)是一(yi)種剛(gang)性中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管(guan)道(dao)，沒有消聲(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)果，它甚至還(huan)(huan)會將設備(bei)的(de)(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)傳送到工(gong)作地點，因此需(xu)要加消聲(sheng)(sheng)罩和消聲(sheng)(sheng)彎頭之類的(de)(de)消聲(sheng)(sheng)配件。另外，鍍鋅鐵(tie)皮中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管(guan)道(dao)在突然遇(yu)到冷風(feng)或(huo)熱風(feng)時，由于熱脹冷縮的(de)(de)原因，還(huan)(huan)會產生應力變形，從(cong)而出現(xian)“嘎(ga)、嘎(ga)”的(de)(de)討厭聲(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)。而復合材(cai)(cai)料中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)夾層基本上為多孔泡沫材(cai)(cai)料板，具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)消聲(sheng)(sheng)性能，因此本身就是一(yi)個很好的(de)(de)管(guan)式消聲(sheng)(sheng)器，不需(xu)要再(zai)進行消聲(sheng)(sheng)處理，這就可以減少大(da)量的(de)(de)麻煩。從(cong)這點來看(kan)，家用中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)應盡量采用復合材(cai)(cai)料制作中央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)管(guan)道(dao)。

　　中央空調通風管道衛生和健康
　　復合材料中央空調通風管道表面采用鋁箔密封，不會生銹，另外，由于保溫效果好，復合材料中央空調通風管道的內層不會產生凝結水，不會滋生細菌，因而保證了輸送介質的衛生，避免了對室內空氣的二次污染。鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道易生銹，且容易產生冷橋現象，易結露，因此在鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道非常容易滋生細菌，如軍團病菌等，從而對送風空氣進行二次污染。另外，鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道常用的保溫材料玻璃纖維對人體健康也有一定的危害，因此，從衛生和健康這個角度來看，復合材料中央空調通風管道比鍍鋅鐵皮中央空調通風管道更加適合于家用中央空調。
從(cong)以上分(fen)析(xi)可以知道，雖然鍍鋅鐵皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)通(tong)風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道具有強(qiang)度(du)高、防火性(xing)能好等優點，但根據家用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)通(tong)風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道系統的(de)具體使用要(yao)求，復合材料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)通(tong)風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道在(zai)其他方面遠遠強(qiang)于鍍鋅鐵皮(pi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)通(tong)風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道，因(yin)此在(zai)家用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)通(tong)風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道使用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應大力推廣復合材料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)通(tong)風(feng)管(guan)(guan)道。